Abstract
The aim of this article is to show how the situation of domestic biofuels in Poland and the alternative fuels sector is changing. On the basis of our own research and the available literature, changes in the production potential of Poland in the field of alternative fuels/biofuels are examined. Moreover, the reasons for changes in the production structure are analyzed. The flexibility of production potential to changes in legal conditions is assessed, and the value of sectors and their future are determined. This paper discusses legal and market aspects related to selected renewable energy sources used in Polish transport. Based on a review of literature and statistical data, the production and use of methyl esters and bioethanol are characterized in detail. Analysis of legal regulations enables the presentation of targets regarding renewable energy source (RES) use in transport by 2030. The results of studies conducted in 2020 are discussed with regard to the value (attractiveness) of methyl esters, bioethanol, electromobility and liquid bio-hydrocarbons, and these are compared and contrasted with the result from earlier years since 2010.
Highlights
The transport sector plays a vital role in the economy
Limiting the negative effects of transport is a significant component of the policy of the European Union (UE) and one of the chief actions taken in this area is the imposition among member states to use renewable energy sources (RES) for transport purposes [8]
The research undertaken in this study aimed to identify areas of development and dysfunction in the field of domestic alternative fuels
Summary
The transport sector plays a vital role in the economy. At the same time, it has a negative effect on the natural environment [1]. The energy consumed for transport purposes comes in a majority of cases from petroleum, which leads to a decline in natural fuel resources and to the emission of greenhouse gases in significant amounts [2,3,4]. Limiting the negative effects of transport is a significant component of the policy of the European Union (UE) and one of the chief actions taken in this area is the imposition among member states to use renewable energy sources (RES) for transport purposes [8]. Conventional transport biofuels were expected to have many advantages, including reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. Aspects that undermine their ecological character, such as the real reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and problems with achieving the assumed target (the national index target (NIT)), caused a significant increase in the importance of other alternative fuels as well. In Poland, the obligation has been fulfilled mostly by using methyl esters
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