Renewable Energy Performance of the Green Buildings: Key-Enabler on Useful Consumption Yield

Mohd Effendi Amran,Ahmad Syahrir Ayub,Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin,Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki,Nurul Aini Bani,Jorge Alfredo Ardila-Rey,Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar,Samira Albati Kamaruddin,Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2996573

Abstract

Malaysia's Eleventh Plan started to encourage green building developments and green industries to stimulate green growth. Eventually, the Malaysian government had launched a new commitment to accelerate the green and efficient energy sector and revised the quota of Renewable Energy (RE) towards higher capacity for electricity generation. These scenarios had highlighted the latest commitment of the Malaysian government to implement both green building development and concurrently, streamline the additional quota for RE generation. Due to this, the evolution of the requirement of RE-based Distributed Generation (DG) in the green building development for higher installed-capacity was expected to occur in ensuring the government key achievement becomes more visible. This study focuses on measuring the expanded-capacity performance of the Solar Photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) through the Green Building Rating System (GBRS), particularly on the useful energy consumption yield for load and total line loss minimization. Previous work has conducted a MATLAB simulation on a PV-DG capacity expansion guided by the Net Energy Metering (NEM) specification considering the total line loss minimization as the main objective function. These results are being adopted to obtain the ratio of useful energy consumption from the generated PV-DG through the selected distribution network. Consequently, the Performance Ratio (PR) - as the internationally recognized formulation for a complete PV-DG system - is proposed to be revolutionized towards extended version, considering the specific total line losses minimization, via the formed of the proposed ratio.

Highlights

Global environmental issues have introduced a climate change as an important topic which prioritized the emissionThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Young Jin Chun .of greenhouse gas (GHG) as well as the carbon dioxide (CO2) and protecting the global environment as a major control measure [1]
The conducted assessment on the selected PV-Distributed Generation (DG) capacity has introduced the additional effective parameter on top of the loss minimization contribution, i.e. the performance measure tailored for distribution network from selected Malaysian public hospital
The proposed φ value has been tested and highlighted in the previous assessment which has projected the more transparent payback period outcome for the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenditure (OPEX). This significantly enabling a potential gap for future assessment towards further improvement in PDG capacity setting for higher φ achievement

Summary

Introduction

Global environmental issues have introduced a climate change as an important topic which prioritized the emissionThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Young Jin Chun .of greenhouse gas (GHG) as well as the carbon dioxide (CO2) and protecting the global environment as a major control measure [1]. The understanding of drivers for CO2 emissions underlies the stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement including the produced during consumption of solid, liquid, gas fuels and gas flaring which is critical for economic and environmental sustainability [3]. This includes the emissions produced by ocean-going vessels negatively affect the environment and may deteriorate the health of living organisms, whereas several regulations were released by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to alleviate negative externalities from maritime transportation [4]. The global aviation industry had counted for over 3 billion air passengers, which produced 705 million tons of CO2 in 2013 with 2% of the human-induced CO2 emissions and 13% of total transportation-related emissions as according to the Air Transportation Action Group (ATAG) [7]

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