Abstract
This study highlights the C O 2 , e -emission reduction potentials and related economic consequences for changing steam generation from fossil to renewable. Seven different utility concepts are developed, including a steam accumulator for load management. Peculiarities for the integration of biogas boilers, biomass-fuelled boilers, electrode steam boilers, biomethane-fuelled solid oxide fuel cells, micro gas turbine, solar energy systems, heat pumps and steam accumulators into a steam system with fluctuating steam demand are explained and the energy balance based models for the simulation study are described. The characteristics of batch processes, start up times and part load efficiency are considered via an annual dynamic simulation. Based on a detailed process analysis and dimensioning of the utilities and the accumulator a comprehensive simulation study is conducted for a pet food processing company having an average steam demand of 18,000 MWh at around 9 bar and 3 t/h. The results show that the highest C O 2 , e -emissions reduction of up to 63% is achieved by the transition to a solid biomass-fuelled boiler system. This leads to an increase of the operating costs by 27.8%.
Highlights
As part of the global energy transition and to avoid climate change, the Paris Agreement envisages a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to 40% by 2040, starting from the base year 1990 [1]
Since only the depreciation and maintenance costs are determining the energy costs, the increase is very small compared to other technologies
The results indicate that the biomass-fuelled boilers (BMB) with natural gas or BGB have the highest emission reduction and the lowest increase in cost
Summary
As part of the global energy transition and to avoid climate change, the Paris Agreement envisages a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to 40% by 2040, starting from the base year 1990 [1]. There is a growing interest in companies to solve the question of their own climate neutrality in a transparent and sustainable way. In addition to their own motivation, customer demands for climate neutrality are becoming increasingly important from an economic point of view. Industry has a sector goal of reducing emissions by 49% to 51% (compared to 1990) by 2030 in Germany. To reach these goals industrial processing companies need to perform three steps. The first step is minimizing the energy demand by energy efficiency measures and secondly substituting fossil fuels by changing processes or implementing renewable energies.
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