Abstract
Despite the traditional desalination processes have achieved tremendous progress in terms of technology and cost, it is still limited by the high energy consumption and carbon emissions brought about by expensive fossil fuels. Finding alternative energy sources is essential to meet the growing demand for desalination. Over the past few decades, plenty of efforts have focused on driving the desalination process through renewable energy sources in order to achieve the goal of environmentally friendly off-grid desalination and zero liquid discharge. However, limited by technology and economic cost, the desalination processes driven by renewable energy are difficult to carry out large-scale application, and they are more used as an auxiliary unit of the traditional desalination processes. First of all, this article reviews the basic principles of solar interface evaporation technology, and further, summarizes the sustainable desalination technologies driven by solar and geothermal energy completely. In the end, the current global environment and energy troubles are discussed, and the necessity and significance of promoting renewable energy for desalination in the future are emphasized. This review will assist to promote attention to the development and utilization of renewable energy sources, with a focus on large-scale renewable-driven off-grid desalination projects in the future.
Published Version
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