Renewable Distributed Generations Optimal Penetration in the Distribution Network for Clean and Green Energy

Abstract

For raising the initiatives to supply clean and green energy globally, many renewable distributed generations are attached to the network. Power losses, voltage profile maintenance and environmental pollution are the most significant restrictions, which hinder the existing power system. Random penetration of the distributed generation in the existing network can cause severe problems like voltage instability, increase in power losses, system islanding, reverse power flows, environment pollution, etc. Therefore, for clean and green energy, optimal penetration of eco-friendly renewable distributed generation is required for power loss minimisation and voltage profile enhancement. Optimal penetration of renewable distributed generation has to deal with constraints like size, location, number, power factor and type. Adaptive schemes are based on biogeography-based optimisation and particle swarm optimization methods to satisfy all the constraints related to the optimal penetration of renewable distributed generation systems in the IEEE 33 bus radial distribution network. The adaptive schemes have been applied for (real and reactive) power loss reduction and enhancing voltage profile.