Yield and content of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in medicinal cannabis (Cannabis sativa) grown in the Ecuadorian highlands

Abstract

Cannabis is an herbaceous species of the Cannabaceae family and is native to the Himalayas. It contains hundreds of metabolites with potential bioactivity, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the yield and the cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of medicinal cannabis (variety Cherry Oregon) in two localities of the Ecuadorian highlands. A Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and four replications was carried out. Treatment 1 was maintained with natural light, treatment 2 received 16/8 photoperiod (16 hours light, 8 hours dark) for one week, treatment 3 received 16/8 photoperiod for two weeks, and treatment 4 received 16/8 photoperiod for 3 weeks. In the locality 1, treatment 4 showed better values of plant height, dry biomass, biomass yield per plant and greater biomass yield per m2, in both cycles. In the locality 2, the treatments were statistically similar in all variables in both cycles, but a trend where treatment 4 presented higher values compared to the rest of the treatments was observed. The THC and CBD contents for the treatments and cycles ranged between 0.06% and 0.51%, and between 13.76% and 15.29% respectively in both localities. Finally, the results obtained agree with what is reported in the variety's technical sheet, and the THC content does not exceed the maximum value allowed by Ecuadorian regulations.