Abstract
With the intention to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) resulting from soil fertilization, several modified nitrogen fertilizers are being made available to growers. This study aimed to evaluate the response of common beans to nitrogen fertilizers applied in topdressing. The experiment was conducted in Vacaria, Southern of Brazil, on an Oxisol with 516 g kg-1 clay, pH = 5.2 and 46 g kg-1 organic matter. The experimental area was previously an apple orchard for twenty years. The treatments included the following commercial mineral fertilizers: conventional urea, Super N®, Kimcoat N®, Nitro Mais®, Super Nitro®, Producote®, Sulfammo Meta 29® and ammonium nitrate, all applied at a rate of 60 kg ha-1, in topdressing, in addition to a control without application of N. The availability of N in soil, N in the leaves, protein in the grain, mass of 1,000 grains, and grain yield was evaluated. The average grain yield across treatments was 3,770 kg ha-1 and was not affected by any N fertilizer applied at topdressing. In addition, N fertilizers did not affect any soil and plant evaluated attribute, including N availability in the soil 21 days after application. Thus, soil organic matter supplied all N needed to the plants, mainly due to the good rainfall distribution.
Highlights
Com a intenção de reduzir as perdas de nitrogênio (N) decorrente da adubação, vários fertilizantes nitrogenados modificados estão sendo disponibilizados aos agricultores
With the intention to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) resulting from soil fertilization, several modified nitrogen fertilizers are being made available to growers
This study aimed to evaluate the response of common beans to nitrogen fertilizers applied in topdressing
Summary
O estudo foi conduzido em condições de campo em uma propriedade comercial, no município de Vacaria, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, na safra 2014/2015, onde havia um pomar de macieira durante os últimos 20 anos. Os fertilizantes foram aplicados na dose de 60 kg ha-1 de N baseada no teor de matéria orgânica do solo e em uma expectativa de rendimento de 3.000 kg ha-1 (CQFS-RS/SC 2004), manualmente, sobre a superfície do solo, sem incorporação, 23 dias após a semeadura. A concentração de N nos fertilizantes (Tabela 1) foi determinada pelo método de arraste de vapores em aparelho semimicro Kjeldahl, de acordo com metodologia proposta por TEDESCO et al (1995). As folhas foram secas em estufa de circulação de ar a 65 °C até atingirem peso constante, moídas e submetidas à digestão sulfúrica, para determinação do teor de N pelo método de arraste de vapores em aparelho semimicro Kjeldahl (TEDESCO et al 1995). Porcentagem de N nos fertilizantes determinada pelo método de arraste de vapores em aparelho semimicro Kjeldahl (TEDESCO et al 1995) com duas formas de extração
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