Abstract
AimsRenalase (RNLS) is an enzyme with monoamine oxidase activity that metabolizes circulating catecholamines. The RNLS gene Asp37Glu missense polymorphism (rs2296545) has been associated with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, and stroke. The purpose of our study was to investigate the potential involvement of this polymorphism in the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsIn this case–control study, the polymorphism was genotyped in 860 patients with T2DM and 400 healthy controls. The genotype and allele distribution was compared in subgroups of patients: with diabetic nephropathy (DN+) (n = 405) versus DN− (independently of the presence of DR) and, similarly, patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR+) (n = 328) versus DR− (independently of the presence of DN).ResultsNo significant association was detected between analyzed polymorphism and DN. In contrast, the retinopathy subgroup showed a significantly higher frequency of G allele (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.16–1.72, p = 0.0005) and GG genotype (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.26–2.75, p = 0.001) than DR− patients. The effect of RNLS Glu37Asp polymorphism on DR remained significant after adjustments for age, gender, BMI, and duration of T2DM (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThis is the first study to investigate RNLS gene polymorphism in microvascular complications of T2DM. The results suggest that RNLS rs2296545 SNP might be considered a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients. This can provide new insight into the role of renalase gene in the pathophysiology of microvascular complications of diabetes.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a heterogeneous disorder of glucose metabolism, accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases, contributing to the burden on individuals and the health care system (American Diabetes Association 2014) [1]
The previous studies demonstrated that renalase gene polymorphisms are involved in the macrovascular complications of diabetes, such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease [6, 16, 17, 21, 25, 26]
In the present case–control study, we aimed to assess the potential involvement of the RNLS gene rs2296545 polymorphism in microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a heterogeneous disorder of glucose metabolism, accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases, contributing to the burden on individuals and the health care system (American Diabetes Association 2014) [1]. Despite the availability of effective pharmacological treatments, glycemic control deteriorates and persistent hyperglycemia results in microvascular complications, This article belongs to the topical collection Eye Complications of Diabetes, managed by Giuseppe Querques. Renalase represents a new class of flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) containing monoamine oxidases. It is expressed mainly in kidney and heart and metabolizes circulating catecholamines [7, 8]. Decreased plasma levels of renalase contribute to hypertension due to the reduced degradation of catecholamine [9].
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