Abstract
The kidney has as one of its major responsibilities the excretion of the daily nonvolatile acid load. On a normal American diet, this amounts to about 1 mEq of nonvolatile acid per kilogram body weight. This acid is excreted in the form of titratable acids (e.g., H2PO4 −) and ammonium (NH4 +). Alkali is usually excreted in much smaller amounts in the form of bicarbonate and organic anions (citrate, etc.). Renal net acid excretion thus equals the sum of the excretion of ammonium plus titratable acid minus bicarbonate and other anions.
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