Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the current leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Inonotus obliquus (chaga), a medicinal fungus, has been used in treatment of diabetes. Here, we aim to identify the renal protective effects of chaga extracts on a DKD rat model which was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. During the total 17-weeks experiment, the biological parameters of serum and urine were examined, and the color Doppler ultrasound of renal artery, the periodic acid-Schiff staining, and electron microscopy of kidney tissue were performed. The compositions of chaga extracts were analyzed and the intervention effects of the extracts were also observed. Compared with the normal control group, the biochemical research showed that insulin resistance was developed, blood glucose and total cholesterol were elevated, urinary protein excretion and serum creatinine levels were significantly increased in the DKD model. The ultrasound examinations confirmed the deteriorated blood flow parameters of the left renal interlobar artery in the rat models. Finally, histopathological data supported renal injury on the thickened glomerular basement membrane and fusion of the foot processes. 8 weeks intervention of chaga improved the above changes significantly, and the 100 mg/kg/d chaga group experienced significant effects compared with the 50 mg/kg/d in some parameters. Our findings suggested that Doppler ultrasound examinations guided with biochemical indicators played important roles in evaluating the renal injury as an effective, noninvasive, and repeatable method in rats. Based on biochemical, ultrasound, and histopathological evidence, we confirmed that chaga had pharmacodynamic effects on diabetes-induced kidney injury and the aforementioned effects may be related to delaying the progression of DKD.
Highlights
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), is currently a leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Brosius et al, 2009; Azushima et al, 2018; Giralt-Lopez et al, 2020)
Histopathological periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining revealed that DKD rats exhibited obvious glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion compared to normal rats
The type 2 DM (T2DM) rat model was characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia (Gheibi et al, 2017; Chao et al, 2018)
Summary
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the most severe complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), is currently a leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Brosius et al, 2009; Azushima et al, 2018; Giralt-Lopez et al, 2020). It is reported that more than 40% of patients with DM will eventually develop DKD (KDIGO Executive Committee, 2020). There is an urgent need to prevent or treat kidney failure in diabetic patients. Some previous studies have shown that nontoxic biological macromolecules, mainly polysaccharides from natural sources, possess prominent efficacies on DM (Wang et al, 2016). The polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus (chaga), a white-rot fungus belonging to the family Hymenochaetaceae, were reported to have antidiabetic activities and ameliorate glucolipotoxicity-induced renal fibrosis in diabetic mice (Chou et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2017a). We showed further interest in finding more evidence about chaga on renal protection in DKD rats
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