Renal nephroblastoma in an adult dog

Dayane Caicó Collares Araujo,Cristiano Chaves Da Veiga Pessoa,Julio Israel Fernandes,Michel Alves Silva

doi:10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm107820

Abstract

Nephroblastoma is a neoplasia originating from the poor differentiation of the metanephrogenic blastema, therefore neoplasia of embryonic origin. It is commonly reported in dogs less than two years old and is rare in adults. Clinical signs include hematuria, polyuria and palpable abdominal mass. Surgery is elective therapy. Chemotherapy depend on the stage of the disease. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of nephroblastoma in a mixed-breed, six-year-old male canine with a stage I nephroblastoma (according to human staging for Wilm's tumor). The patient performed clinically well and without changes in the staging exams (thorax radiographs). The initial complete blood count indicated only lymphopenia and biochemical profile without alterations. Abdominal ultrasound showed vascularized formation with no defined limits, cystic, with probable origin in left kidney, dislocating liver and spleen. The recommended treatment was total nephrectomy. Kidney size was about 25.0 cm in diameter, with irregular surface. Numerous cysts were present and were covered by a capsule with brownish-coloured liquid and without adhering to adjacent structures. The nephroblastoma diagnosis was obtained by histopathological exam. No adjuvant chemotherapy treatment was carried out. The patient presented a survival of 33 months.

Highlights

Nephroblastoma is a rare neoplasm that results from the poor differentiation of the metanephrogenic blastema (Baskin & De Paoli, 1977)
Given the limited information about this type of neoplasm, this study reports a case of stage I nephroblastoma with satisfactory survival in an adult dog
The results showed that the neoplasia consisted of a proliferation of spindle cells with ovoid or elongated nuclei arranged in bands, a proliferation of rounded cells with round nuclei, hyperchromatic and scarce cytoplasm, and stromal proliferation and formation of irregular tubular structures coated with epithelial cells, which sometimes formed large cysts with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage

Summary

Introduction

Nephroblastoma is a rare neoplasm that results from the poor differentiation of the metanephrogenic blastema (Baskin & De Paoli, 1977). Nephroblastoma is known as Wilms’ tumor and is the most common renal tumor in children between 6 months and 12 years old (Miniati et al, 2008). Reported clinical signs are unspecific and include polyuria/polydipsia, vomiting and palpable abdominal mass in 20% to 43% of patients, hematuria and, in some patients, weight loss and lethargy (Bryan et al, 2006).

Results

Conclusion