Abstract
Nephroblastoma or Wilms’ tumor is the most common renal neoplasm in children and accounts for 90% of pediatric renal tumors (). This tumor has a good prognosis and well-established treatment strategies. Other rare renal malignant neoplasms, such as clear cell sarcoma and rhabdoid tumor of the kidney, have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. Renal cell carcinoma occurs in older children, while mesoblastic nephroma is the most frequent renal tumor in the neonate. Hematological malignancies represent the most frequent neoplasm in children and may also involve the kidney, usually with other sites of disease. Infections and malformations are much more common renal diseases in children and may also present with pseudotumoral misleading patterns. In all cases, close collaboration among radiologists, pediatricians and pathologists is essential so as to avoid diagnostic pitfalls due to atypical presentations.
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