Renal function following cardiac arrest and resuscitation in the canine

Abstract

Organ malfunction often occurs following cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Renal function, inulin clearance (C In), was examined in 27 dogs before and after (days 2, 4, and 6) cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Group A ( n = 7) had no ventricular fibrillation (VF), but cardiopulmonary support was applied for 20 min, and three transthoracic countershocks were delivered. In groups B ( n = 7), C ( n = 7), and D ( n = 6) VF was induced for 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 min, respectively, followed by cardiopulmonary support for 20, 20, and 15 min, respectively. When necessary, epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate were given during resuscitation. Countershock was applied for defibrillation. Kidneys were examined histologically in groups C and D. Following cardiac arrest, C In was significantly less in the arrested groups compared to the nonarrested group. Within group C, which received the most epinephrine, C In correlated negatively with epinephrine administration, and with the energy applied for defibrillation. Histologically, group C showed the highest incidence of cortical tubular cytoplasmic vacuolization, regeneration, inflammation, and tubular casts. Groups C and D showed outer medullary tubular cytoplasmic vacuolization, renal vascular changes, and calcification. In conclusion, cardiac arrest and resuscitation may precipitate acute renal hypofunction as well as reversible and irreversible morphological changes in normal functioning canine kidneys. The confounding effect of pre-existing renal disease remains to be examined experimentally.