Abstract
Background This study aimed at evaluating the burden of renal dysfunction among people living with hypertension in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong Ahafo Region, who were attending clinic at the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Hwidiem. Methodology A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among two hundred (200) hypertensive clients aged between 27 and 88 years who reported for clinical management from January to March, 2018. Data on sociodemography, comorbid disease status, antihypertensive medication, and their duration was obtained using a semistructured questionnaire and patient folders. Blood pressure, weight, and creatinine were measured using standard methods. Kidney function was assessed using Cockcroft Gault (CG), Four-Variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (4v-MDRD) and the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. The 2012 Kidney Disease Improvement Global Outcome (KDIGO) Criteria were used to categorize renal function among study participants. Results Renal impairment was observed among 25.00%, 9.50%, and 10.50% of study participants using CG, 4v-MDRD, and CKD-EPI equations, respectively. With the exception of CKD-EPI equation, females significantly recorded higher scores compared to their male counterparts (28.95% vs 12.5%, 11.84%, vs 2.08%) using CG and 4v-MDRD, respectively. Participants aged 50 years or more recorded the highest renal impairment. Conclusion Renal dysfunction is common among people living with hypertension in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong Ahafo Region. Femininity, older age, disease comorbidity with diabetes, Thiazide diuretic and AR Blocker usage, and increasing duration of medication accounted for higher kidney dysfunction. Regular screening and management are therefore recommended to avert progression to end-stage renal failure (ESRD).
Highlights
The global public health importance of renal dysfunction is increasing due to a host of reasons including an increasing number of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), high costs to public health systems, and its associated morbidity and mortality, those associated with cardiovascular disease [1]
The average weight of the study participants was 64.23 ± 13.2 kg with the difference in weight between participants presenting with both diabetes and hypertension and those suffering from only hypertension observed to be statistically comparable
Females and participants presenting with comorbidity were most affected by renal dysfunction
Summary
The global public health importance of renal dysfunction is increasing due to a host of reasons including an increasing number of patients progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), high costs to public health systems, and its associated morbidity and mortality, those associated with cardiovascular disease [1]. There was very little information in the literature about the burden of kidney dysfunction among Ghanaians living with hypertension in Hwidiem in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong-Ahafo Region. This study is aimed at evaluating the burden of renal dysfunction among hypertensive patients seeking medical care at the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Hwidiem in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong-Ahafo Region, Ghana. This study aimed at evaluating the burden of renal dysfunction among people living with hypertension in the AsutifiSouth District of the Brong Ahafo Region, who were attending clinic at the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Hwidiem. Renal impairment was observed among 25.00%, 9.50%, and 10.50% of study participants using CG, 4v-MDRD, and CKD-EPI equations, respectively. Renal dysfunction is common among people living with hypertension in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong Ahafo Region. Regular screening and management are recommended to avert progression to end-stage renal failure (ESRD)
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