Abstract
Bright near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes play an important role in in vivo optical imaging. Here, renal-clearable nanodots prepared from Aza-BODIPY are reported fluorophores for multiphoton brain imaging. The design of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type conjugated structures endowed the fluorophores with large three-photon absorption cross-section for both 1620 and 2200nm excitation. The side chain modification and lipid encapsulation yield ultrasmall nanodots (≈4nm) and a high fluorescence quantum yield (≈0.35) at 720nm emission in the aqueous phase. The measured three-photon action cross-section of a single Aza-BODIPY fluorophore in the nanodots is ≈30 times higher than the commonly used Sulforhodamine 101 dye. Three-photon deep brain imaging of subcortical structures is demonstrated, reaching a depth of 1900µm below the brain surface in a live mouse study. The nanodots enabled blood flow measurement at a depth of 1617µm using line scanning three-photon microscopy (3PM). This work provides superior fluorescent probes for multiphoton deep-brain imaging.
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