Abstract
Kidney cancer incidence in African Americans (AA) is higher than among European Americans (EA); reasons for this disparity are not fully known. Dietary micronutrients may have a protective effect on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development by inhibiting oxidative DNA damage and tumor growth. We evaluated whether any micronutrient associations differed by race in the US Kidney Cancer Study. 1142 EA and AA RCC cases and 1154 frequency‐matched controls were enrolled in a population‐based case‐control study between 2002 and 2007. Dietary micronutrient intake was derived from an interviewer‐administered diet history questionnaire. RCC risk associated with micronutrient intake was estimated using adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression comparing lower to highest quartiles of intake and sample weighting. Inverse associations with RCC risk were observed for α‐carotene, β‐carotene, lutein zeaxanthin, lycopene, vitamin A, folate, thiamin, vitamin C, α‐tocopherol, β‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol, and selenium. A trend for β‐cryptoxanthin was suggested among EA but not AA or the total sample (P‐interaction = .04). Otherwise, findings did not differ by race, gender, age, or smoking status. The increase in RCC risk associated with lower micronutrient intake is similar within AA and EA populations. A diet rich in sources of micronutrients found in fruits, vegetables, and nuts may help to reduce the overall risk of RCC.
Highlights
It is estimated that 63 990 new cases of kidney cancer (KCa) will be identified in 2017, making it the sixth leading cancer diagnosed in men and tenth for women in the United States.[1]
Inverse associations with Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk were observed for α- carotene (P-trend = .021), β-carotene (P-trend
While β-cryptoxanthin intake was not significantly associated with RCC risk, we did observe a significant interaction with race (P-interaction = .040), with an inverse association suggested among European Americans (EA) (P-trend = .102), FIGURE 1 Odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, from multivariate logistic regression models of association between micronutrients and renal cell carcinoma in the US Kidney Cancer Study cohort
Summary
It is estimated that 63 990 new cases of kidney cancer (KCa) will be identified in 2017, making it the sixth leading cancer diagnosed in men and tenth for women in the United States.[1]. Supplementation with selenium may influence RCC risk, and selenium has been shown to possess anti-tumor functions.[17,18,19,20] Diets rich in carotenoids, including α-c arotene, β- carotene, β-c ryptoxanthin, lutein zeaxanthin, and lycopene, have been associated with lower RCC risk.[6,21,22,23] Several studies, have demonstrated no significant relationship between micronutrient intake and RCC.[7,14,15] These discrepancies in the literature highlight the importance of further exploration of the role of micronutrients in RCC risk
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