Renal Cell Carcinoma: Insights into Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

In the last decade, there is an increasing incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) worldwide. Most patients with RCC are diagnosed late with advanced stages of the disease which are often refractory to treatment and associated with poor prognosis. Management of RCC has changed greatly over the past years. Progress in the surgical management of the primary tumor and increased understanding of the molecular biology of the disease have led to the development of new therapeutic lines. This mini-review sheds light on the risk factors, the clinical presentation, methods of diagnosis and the up-to-date lines of management of RCC.