Renal Biopsies in A Tertiary Health Institution in South-Southern, Nigeria: A Single Multi-National Center Study.

Abstract

Malignant renal tumour is a relatively rare type of cancer that occurs third in urological tumours after prostate and bladder cancers. It is among the leading cancers in western societies and is male predominant, aged (16-80) years with a peak incidence in the 5th and 6th spans of life (45-60 years) than in females. There are limited studies in the literature reporting its existence in South-southern, Nigeria. A little knowledge of its existence is known in Benin City, which propelled this study. The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence and histopathology patterns of malignant renal tumours including the histologic subtypes in a multi-national study centre. This is a 25-year retrospective study spanning from 1991 to 2016; in which the report of 19,123 haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were reviewed. Patient's data (age, sex and ethnicity) were also retrieved from the archives of the histopathology laboratory of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria and were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The result revealed that 69 samples were reconfirmed as renal tumours and a preponderance of males (66.7%) was observed. Renal cell carcinoma 35/53(66.0%) has the highest occurrence of malignant renal tumours, and nephroblastoma (20.8%), which is closely followed by transitional cell carcinoma (13.2%). This study, therefore, concludes that malignant renal tumour is male predominant while renal cell carcinoma has the highest occurrence in Benin City, Nigeria. However, a significant finding is the report of papillary renal cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinomas, which appeared to be more common in Nigeria than granular cell carcinomas and clear cell type that are predominant in North America. Keyword: Renal disease, renal biopsy, renal tumor, renal cell carcinoma, malignant tumors and Urology.