Renal Autotransplantation for the Treatment of Complex Renovascular Hypertension

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Objective In individuals with complicated renal vascular disease, renal autotransplantation has been used as an alternative to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, which may be unsuccessful or hazardous in these situations. We evaluated the outcomes of renal autotransplantation. Patients and Methods Between February 1989 and December 2005, we performed 5 renal autotransplantation procedures. The surgical strategy included renal explantation, ex vivo renal preservation, ex vivo reconstruction of the renal artery if necessary, and renal heterotopic autotransplantation. Results The study subjects (3 men and 2 women) exhibited one of the following indications for surgery: fibromuscular dysplasia (2 patients), Takayasu’s arteritis (1), or atherosclerosis (2). All patients exhibited uncontrolled hypertension before renal autotransplantation. Renal arteries of patients were anastomosed either to the external or internal iliac arteries or to both when there were multiple renal arteries. The renal vein was anastomosed end-to-side to the external iliac vein, and ureteral reimplantation was not performed. Mean posttransplantation follow-up was 9.8 ± 5.7 years (range, 1–16 years). Mortality and morbidity were not observed during the follow-up, and hypertension and renal function normalized or improved in all 5 patients. Conclusions Renal autotransplantation is a highly effective procedure to treat complex renovascular lesions; ex vivo renal repair is a safe and effective surgical procedure in the clinical setting.