Renal artery dissection after blunt abdominal trauma: A rare cause of acute cortical necrosis

Abstract

Renal artery injury is an uncommon complication of blunt abdominal trauma. We present a case of a 19-year-old man who developed acute cortical necrosis in a congenital single kidney after a motorcycle accident. On initial presentation, he had signs of splenic injury and required immediate laparotomy and splenectomy. His renal function deteriorated, and he became dialysis dependent. Computed tomography followed by percutaneous angiography showed a dissection of a single renal artery causing the formation of a large pseudoaneurysm. A second angiogram showed an increase in the size of the pseudoaneurysm. We performed a laparotomy and attempted in situ vein graft repair of the renal artery. A wedge biopsy specimen taken at laparotomy revealed acute cortical necrosis, and plain radiographs showed cortical calcification. Renal artery dissection and pseudoaneurysm formation are rare events after blunt trauma. Iatrogenic damage is the most common cause of pseudoaneurysm. Traumatic pseudoaneurysms have a poor prognosis without prompt surgical intervention. Renal arterial damage may occur after blunt trauma, and early imaging and intervention are essential to salvage renal function. © 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.