Abstract
AbstractMaintenance of acid–base homeostasis is fundamental to all mammals. This is maintained through two mechanisms, respiratory control through CO2 excretion and renal net acid excretion. Renal net acid excretion comprises titratable acid excretion, ammonia excretion, and bicarbonate excretion. Quantitatively, ammonia excretion is the most significant component of renal net acid excretion under most physiologic and pathophysiologic circumstances. Renal ammonia excretion includes the dual components of an intrarenal ammoniagenesis, followed by segment and transporter-specific transport of both molecular forms of ammonia, NH4 + and NH3.Coordinated NH4 + and NH3 transport results in exquisitely regulated renal ammonia excretion and thereby maintenance of system at pH homeostasis.KeywordsAcid–baseammoniaproximal tubuleloop of Henlecollecting ductRh glycoproteiRh B Glycoprotein (Rhbg)Rh C Glycoprotein (Rhcg)NKCC2sodium hydrogen exchangNHE3phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinasephosphate-dependent glutaminaseglutamine synthetase
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