Abstract
Renal stone disease is frequently associated with abnormal urinary acid-base balance. Renal tubular defects may influence urinary pH and alter urinary excretion of various substances, predisposing to stone formation. This chapter provides a background for the understanding of acid-base disorders, mainly from a renal perspective. Most of the concepts of pulmonary and renal acid-base regulation are well established. The concepts of renal tubular acidosis, however, are still being refined. In the past several years, the developments of microbiological and genetic research have added new insights to the pathophysiology of renal tubular disorders. The topics in this section will touch on basic renal and nonrenal acid-base regulation, systemic and urinary buffering, and focus on regulation of urinary pH, and renal tubular acidosis.
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