Abstract
In the present study, oyster shells, a cause of environmental pollution, were employed effectively to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAP) by facile oxidation and phosphorylation. The ability of HAP to adsorb various metal cations and inhibit bacterial growth was validated. The biomass-derived HAP catalyst exhibited high metal cation adsorption in water at room temperature and under various acidic conditions (M = Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Ba, and Pb). HAP was demonstrated to have a maximum removal efficiency of 92.8% for the heavy metal Pb. Even under different pH conditions, HAP was demonstrated to be effective for the removal of three harmful heavy metals, Cr, Cd, and Pb, with a particularly high removal efficiency demonstrated for Pb under all conditions (average removal efficiency of Cr: 63.0%, Cd: 59.9%, and Pb: 91.6%). In addition, HAP had a significant influence on phosphate ion adsorption in aqueous solution, eliminating 98.1% after 3 min. Furthermore, biomass-derived HAP was demonstrated to have significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus (5 mM: 74% and 78.1%, 10 mM: 89.6% and 96.0%, respectively).
Highlights
Environmental pollution, especially in the ocean and groundwater, is increasing rapidly because of the organic and inorganic pollutants in hazardous wastewater [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10].These pollutants come from industrial wastewater and electrical devices containing heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, and Cr
The elimination of heavy metals is of particular interest to scientists and engineers because of the negative impact of these pollutants on a wide range of living organisms [14,15]
Bacteria are one of the most dangerous organisms for humans; we evaluated the antibacterial properties of E. coli and S. aureus
Summary
Environmental pollution, especially in the ocean and groundwater, is increasing rapidly because of the organic and inorganic pollutants in hazardous wastewater [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. These pollutants come from industrial wastewater and electrical devices containing heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, and Cr. Pb, in particular, is a hazardous metal that causes osteoporosis, and Cd is a hazardous metal that causes itai-itai disease [2,11,12,13].
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