Abstract
Removal of toxicants by direct and indirect reuse of wastewater was investigated. Cloning efficiency of a sensitive mammalian cell line culture was used as a measure of toxic activity. Buffalo green monkey cells were exposed to various representative water samples from direct and indirect reuse systems. Both systems proved to be highly effective in their removal of toxicants. The final drinking-water derived from both systems showed no or minimal toxic activity when tested by the cell culture system.
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