Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of the Rhodamine B dye (Rh-B) was carried out using dimensionally stable type anode (DSA, Ti/Ru0.3Ti0.7O2). The work was performed using the electrochemical flow cell system. The effect of several operating factors, such as supporting electrolytes, current density, electrolysis time, temperature, and initial concentration of Rh-B dye, were investigated. The UV-visible spectroscopy and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements were conducted to monitor the removal and degradation of Rh-B. The best color removal achieved was found to be 98.3% after 10 min applying 3.9 mA·cm−2 as a current density using 0.07 mol·L−1 of NaCl. Meanwhile, the highest COD removal rate (93.0%) was obtained for an applied current density of 3.9 mA·cm−2 as the optimal operating condition after 180 min reaction time, with 2.98 kW h·m−3 as energy consumption. This shows that the best conditions for color removal are not certainly the same as those for the COD removal. The rises in the concentration of NaCl, and applied current increased the Rh-B color removal rate. The decline in Rh-B dye concentration followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The obtained values of apparent rate constant were increased by increasing chloride ion concentration. It is concluded that the electro-oxidation on DSA electrode using a flow cell is a suitable process for the removal of Rh-B dye in aqueous solutions.
Highlights
Industrial wastewater coming from the textile industry holds several pollutants including a high content of organic substances, dissolved salts, and suspended masses [1]
The highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate (93.0%) was obtained for an applied current density of 3.9 mA·cm− 2 as the optimal operating condition after 180 min reaction time, with 2.98 kW h·m− 3 as energy consumption. is shows that the best conditions for color removal are not certainly the same as those for the COD removal. e rises in the concentration of NaCl, and applied current increased the Rhodamine B dye (Rh-B) color removal rate. e decline in Rh-B dye concentration followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. e obtained values of apparent rate constant were increased by increasing chloride ion concentration
In order to study the influence of supporting electrolyte on the degradation process of Rh-B, experiments were carried out at constant current density (5.4 mA·cm− 2) using NaCl and Na2SO4, and the results are shown in the Figure 3(a)
Summary
Industrial wastewater coming from the textile industry holds several pollutants including a high content of organic substances, dissolved salts, and suspended masses [1]. They produce uncontrollable environmental dangers due to the presence of appreciable quantities of organic compounds that are non-biodegradable [2]. Several technologies of color removal from water have been proposed and are generally distributed into biological, chemical, and physical methods [5]. Among these methods, the electrochemical procedures constitute the developing methods for the treatment of wastewater coming for textile industries. Highly oxidizing species (e.g., OH and Cl2) are electrochemically generated on anode surface without the need (in several cases) to add additional reagents [11,12,13]
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