Abstract
In this study, coagulation/flocculation followed by sedimentation using the different coagulants [alum, FeCl3, and PACl coagulants and Moringa oleifera (MO) seed extract] was investigated for the removal of stabilized carbon nanotubes. The effects of main variables such as pH, coagulation dosage, initial turbidity, stirring speed, and settling time on the process were also investigated. The studied coagulants and carbon nanotubes were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The size of the flocs created by MO, alum, FeCl3, PACl, and CNTs was 3.142 nm, 1216 nm, 86.29 nm, 3192 nm, and 3.764 nm, respectively. The results showed that the removal increased at higher pH values (higher than 7) for all the coagulants. The findings indicated that MO in comparison with other coagulants less affected the pH of the sample. It was also revealed that the removal was more affected by coagulation dosage, initial turbidity, stirring speed, and settling time. The chemical coagulants could effectively neutralize functionalized CNTs and destabilize and settle out from the solution better than MO.
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