Abstract
The phytoremediation procedure was conducted by Lemna gibba (L) and Typha angustifolia (T) and the bioaugmentation procedure used P. putida HM627618. The ability of the selected P. putida HM627618 to tolerate and remove PCP (200 mg L-1) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography analysis and optical density at 600 nm. Five different experiments were conducted in secondary treated wastewater for PCP testing removal (100 mg L-1) including two phytoremediation assays (T + PCP; L + PCP), three bioaugmentation-phytoremediation assays (T + B + PCP; L + B + PCP; L + T + B + PCP) and a negative control assay with PCP. Various analytical parameters were determined in this study such as bacterial count, chlorophylls a and b, COD, pH and PCP content. The main results showed that the average PCP removal by P. putida HM627618 was around 87.5% after 7 days of incubation, and 88% of PCP removal was achieved by treatment (T + B) after 9 days. During these experiments, pH, COD and chloride content showed a net increase in all treatments. The chlorophylls a and b in case of (T) and (L) Chlorophylls a and b for T and L phytoremediation showed a decrease with a value less than 10 μg/mg of fresh material after 20 days of cultivation.
Highlights
The intensification of the accumulation of micropollutants in treated wastewater has generated and activated many investigations concerning their removal and their biological treatment (Werheni et al 2021)
The main results showed that the average PCP removal by P. putida HM627618 was around 87.5% after 7 days of incubation, and 88% of PCP removal was achieved by treatment (T þ B) after 9 days
This study evaluated the efficiency of Lemna gibba and Typha angustifolia to remove pentachlorophenol from aqueous solution further, and the combined process of phytoremediation and bioaugmentation efficacy in PCP removal by the plant
Summary
The intensification of the accumulation of micropollutants in treated wastewater has generated and activated many investigations concerning their removal and their biological treatment (Werheni et al 2021). The aquatic plant of T. angustifolia showed the advantage of growing and mounting under various climatic conditions; these properties and characteristics were exploited in biofilters for lakes, lagoons and estuaries water protection (Milam 2004; Werheni et al 2020). These kinds of macrophyte showed the required characteristics of phytoremediation because of their rapid growth, easy spreading and harvesting. Tunisia is one of the countries that signed the European Commission regulation of the 1980s that banned the use of organochlorines (Hassen et al 2021) Based on this information, the aim of this study was to determine the ability of P. putida HM627618 in PCP removal. The effect of phytoremediation and bioaugmentation process by using T. angustifolia, L. gibba, and P. putida HM627618, respectively, was examined for PCP removal from contaminated secondary treated wastewater (STWW)
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