Abstract
BackgroundAnomalous use of antibiotics and their entrance into the environment have increased concerns around the world. These compounds enter the environment through an incomplete metabolism and a considerable amount of them cannot be removed using conventional wastewater treatment. Therefore, the main objectives of this research are evaluation of the feasibility of using ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) and fortified nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with Fe+3 to remove penicillin G (PENG) from aqueous phase and determining the optimum conditions for maximum removal efficiency.ResultsThe results showed that the maximum removal rate of penicillin G occurred in acidic pH (pH = 3) in the presence of 90 mg/L Fe+3-TiO2 catalyst. In addition, an increase in pH caused a decrease in penicillin G removal rate. As the initial concentration of penicillin G increased, the removal rate of antibiotic decreased. Moreover, due to the effect of UV on catalyst activation in Fe+3-TiO2/UV-A process, a significant increase was observed in the rate of antibiotic removal. All of the variables in the process had a statistically significant effect (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe findings demonstrated that the antibiotic removal rate increased by decreasing pH and increasing the amount of catalyst and contact time. In conclusion, Fe+3-TiO2/UV-A process is an appropriate method for reducing penicillin G in polluted water resources.
Highlights
Antibiotic refers to a material that can be used for the elimination of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites
Other hand, the minimum removal rate of the antibiotic in the aqueous phase was related to pH = 11 (28.48%)
According to regression analysis it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between pH and penicillin G removal rate (p < 0.001)
Summary
Antibiotic refers to a material that can be used for the elimination of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The antibiotic penicillin G is soluble in water and its Antibiotics and their metabolites have been detected in surface water and ground water resources and drinking waters in the range of nanogram/L to microgram/L concentrations. These compounds cannot be effectively removed by conventional processes such as biological filtration, adsorption with activated carbon and reverse osmosis [5]. Anomalous use of antibiotics and their entrance into the environment have increased concerns around the world These compounds enter the environment through an incomplete metabolism and a considerable amount of them cannot be removed using conventional wastewater treatment. The main objectives of this research are evaluation of the feasibility of using ultraviolet radiation (UV-A) and fortified nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) doped with Fe+3 to remove penicillin G (PENG) from aqueous phase and determining the optimum conditions for maximum removal efficiency
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