Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the removal efficiencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) by different air pollution control devices (APCDs) in three municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs). These devices were the semi-dry flue gas desulfurization (SDFGD) system, activated carbon (AC) injector, bag filters (BF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reactor, and wet scrubber. The SDFGD system, AC injector, and BF exhibited similar removal efficiencies for all of the pollutants. Overall, the removal efficiency of CBzs was also considerably lower than the PCDD/Fs. The less chlorinated CBzs were also less likely to be adsorbed by AC and BF and more likely to be decomposed by the SCR reactor. Additionally, the “memory effect” in the wet scrubbers elevated the concentrations of the PCDD/Fs and even the CBzs in the flue gas, with the highest increases observed for penta- to hepta-chlorinated PCDD/Fs and TrCBzs. Given the different effects of these various devices, especially the wet scrubber, the correlation between PCDD/F and CBz removal should be individually assessed for each APCD unit. More accurate indicators of PCDD/F removal are also examined.
Highlights
Typical organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs) and chlorophenols, can be found throughout the whole process of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) with various concentration levels
The common related technologies most commonly used in the MSWIs include semi-dry flue gas desulfurization (SDFGD), wet scrubbers, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), activated carbon (AC) adsorption, bag filters (BF), and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) (Kulkarni et al, 2008; Wielgosiński, 2010; Li et al, 2017; Zhou, 2017)
The results showed that the SDFGD with AC and BF worked effectively in all MSWIs with removal efficiencies of 87.0%, 98.0%, and 98.2%, respectively
Summary
Typical organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs) and chlorophenols, can be found throughout the whole process of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) with various concentration levels. APCDs play vital roles in controlling pollutant emissions from MSWIs and can substantially affect the characteristics of both PCDD/Fs and CBzs. The common related technologies most commonly used in the MSWIs include SDFGD, wet scrubbers, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), SCR, AC adsorption, BF, and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) (Kulkarni et al, 2008; Wielgosiński, 2010; Li et al, 2017; Zhou, 2017). SDFGD and wet flue gas desulfurization are methods commonly employed to control acid gas pollutants, such as HCl, SO2 and NOx. The use of calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide powders can affect the characteristics of Copyright The Author(s). The concentrations, fingerprint characteristics of, and relationships between PCDD/Fs and CBzs before and after the applications of different air purification units of three MSWIs were studied
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