Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of Canna indica stem‐based activated carbon (CISAC) for the removal of Pb (II) ions from synthetic solution and paint industry wastewater. The effects of pH, initial Pb (II) ion concentration, and adsorbent dose were studied using an aqueous solution prepared using pure lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) on a batch mode. Dried Canna indica stem (CIS) was carbonized in a rectangular furnace at 500°C for 2 h and treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at a ratio of 1 : 1 (w/v). Results showed that the CISAC had 5.4% of moisture, 5.0% of ash, 26.7% of volatile matter, 62.9% of fixed carbon, and 797.5 mg/g of iodine number. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) results showed that the hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic functional groups were dominant in the CISAC surface. Physicochemical characteristics revealed that raw wastewater had a concentration of 4.6 mg/L Pb (II), 3 mg/L Cu (II), 171 mg/L BOD5, 2402 mg/L COD, and 619 mg/L TSS. Better removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution was achieved at a pH of 5.5, initial Pb (II) concentration of 102.4 mg/L, and an adsorbent dose of 1.4 g using response surface methodology. The highest removal efficiencies of Pb (II) which was achieved from aqueous solution and paint wastewater were 98% and 70%, respectively. The experimental data are fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isothermic models. The results suggested CISAC as a promising adsorbent to remove Pb (II) ion from paint industry wastewater.
Highlights
Water and land contamination by heavy metals discharged from industrial wastes has become a global problem during the current years [1]. e rapid development of various industrial activities and technologies discharged heavy metals into the environment which highly affected the environment and human health due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and bioaugmentation in the food chain and persistence in nature [2]
The volatile matter contents of this were more than the value obtained from Banana (Musa paradisiaca) stalk-based activated carbon [18]. e fixed carbon for Canna indica stem-based activated carbon (CISAC) was better than the activated carbons made from Banana empty fruit bunch, Delonix regia fruit pod [19], and pumpkin seed shell [20]. e medium content of volatile matter and the low ash content usually increase the solid yield of the carbon and produce high fixed carbon [21]
Conclusion e present study shows that CISAC is a good adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solution and paint industry wastewater
Summary
Water and land contamination by heavy metals discharged from industrial wastes has become a global problem during the current years [1]. e rapid development of various industrial activities and technologies discharged heavy metals into the environment which highly affected the environment and human health due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and bioaugmentation in the food chain and persistence in nature [2]. E rapid development of various industrial activities and technologies discharged heavy metals into the environment which highly affected the environment and human health due to their toxicity, bioaccumulation, and bioaugmentation in the food chain and persistence in nature [2]. Lead is a substantial heavy metal found in wastewater from the paint industry which is toxic to life, even at low concentrations, and can affect the nervous and reproductive system [3, 4]. To remove heavy metals from industrial effluent, precipitation, ion exchange, coagulation, electrodialysis, etc. Ese technologies have numerous disadvantages such as incomplete metal ion removal, high energy and reagent costs, and toxic sludge [6]. Adsorption techniques look to be more attractive due to their simplicity, ease of use, high efficiency, and being economical in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater [7].
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