Abstract
Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo-French Unit for Water and Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB norms) with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The various raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. Studies were conducted using two aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR). MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180 ± 261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560 ± .0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. Accordingly, the detention time in aeration basin was 24 hours. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For the sake of metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using the Element AS AAS4141 atomic adsorption spectrophotometer (by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd). The Biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases with the minimum correlation coefficient for calibration curve being 0.9811. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.
Highlights
In many arid and semi-arid countries water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources of water which might be used economically and effectively to promote further development
The results showed over 98% influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and nearly 100%
The search for cheaper and definitive solutions led to the development of new technologies based on the utilization of organic substrates for removal of heavy metals by the process of sorption using bioreactors
Summary
In many arid and semi-arid countries water is becoming an increasingly scarce resource and planners are forced to consider any sources of water which might be used economically and effectively to promote further development. The conventional methods for treatment of effluents contaminated with heavy metals involve physicochemical processes such as flocculation, precipitation, electrolysis and crystallization. These processes are very expensive and generate new products, merely resulting in a transfer of the metal from one medium to another, but not providing a definitive solution. The search for cheaper and definitive solutions led to the development of new technologies based on the utilization of organic substrates for removal of heavy metals by the process of sorption using bioreactors. To keep the process aerobic, the sludge was kept on aeration throughout This process is functioned to treat waste water using bacteria which is helped by its food. A series of parameters have been defined and their values have been calculated alongside
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