Abstract
<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper discusses the efficiency of the removal of organic compounds using Improved Wetland System (IWS). IWS is used in Poland and enables reuse of treated effluent in landscape irrigation and toilet flushing. The first section of this paper discusses the advisability of removing organic compounds at the highest level. Additionally, the first section discusses the increase in frequency of treated wastewater reuse. So far, reuse of treated wastewater in local wastewater treatment systems included treatment and reuse of graywater only. The second section of this paper presents the average concentrations of organic compounds in domestic wastewater and the relationship existing between concentration of organic compounds in raw wastewater and water consumption. The second section discusses requirements for local (to 2000 population equivalent) wastewater treatment systems relating to reduction of organic compounds. The third section presents the current situation in rural areas in Poland and indicates the necessity of treated wastewater reuse mainly in these places. In Poland 43 % of the overall population occupies rural areas and about 70 % of them are not connected to a wastewater network. Implementation of water reuse technology (mainly IWS) is the easiest and the cheapest in rural areas. The fourth section presents the principle and the construction of the Improved Wetland System with water reuse. This part shows defects of Constructed Wetlands hindering reuse of treated wastewater. Additionally, this section discusses different steps and efficiency of wastewater treatment. The fifth section discusses results of removing organic compounds depending on hydraulic and contaminant loads. In addition, this section presents guidance on designing the IWS with technology that enables water reuse for flushing toilets and landscape irrigation. The last part of this paper discusses the summary and economic aspects of IWS used in Poland. In addition, the last part shows existing IWS </span><span lang="EN-GB">objects in Poland which provides water reuse to flushing toilets, landscape irrigation and for retention and recreational uses.</span></p>
Highlights
Reducing the use of natural resources is a key assumption of sustainable development
This paper discusses the efficiency of the removal of organic compounds using Improved Wetland System (IWS)
The second section of this paper presents the average concentrations of organic compounds in domestic wastewater and the relationship existing between concentration of organic compounds in raw wastewater and water consumption
Summary
Reducing the use of natural resources is a key assumption of sustainable development. In slightly polluted waters these values constitute maximum 6 mg/dm for BOD5 and 30 mg/dm for COD (Ministry of Environment, 2014) This high level of organic compounds reduction is practically not achievable using conventional wastewater treatment systems (based on trickling filter and activated sludge). In this situation, the wastewater should go through additional sand or membrane filters before reuse. This technology has been accepted in local communities and installed in 5600 households It guarantees high level reduction of organic compounds and enables reuse of treated wastewater for toilet flushing and landscape irrigation
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