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Abstract
A novel chitosan grafted citronellal (Ch-Cit) schiff base amphiphilic polymer was developed for the adsorptive removal of oil spills. The chemical structure was verified by FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectrometer, while the morphological changes and surface area were investigated by SEM and BET analysis tools. The amphiphilic character of Ch-Cit schiff base was controlled through variation of the grafting percentage (G%) of citronellal from 11 to 61%. Dramatic changes in the ion exchange capacity (IEC), solubility and water uptake profiles were established, while the oil adsorption capacity was founded in direct relation with the G (%) of citronellal. Operational conditions such as oil amount, adsorption time, adsorbent dose and agitation speed were investigated. The developed Ch-Cit schiff base exhibited a higher surface area (115.94 m2/g) compared to neat chitosan (57.78 m2/g). The oil adsorption capacity of the Ch-Cit schiff base was greatly improved by 166% and 120% for light crude and heavy crude oil, respectively. Finally, the adsorption process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).The results substantiate that the amphiphilic Ch-Cit schiff base could be efficiently applied as a low-cost oil-adsorbent for the removal of crude oil spills from sea-water surfaces.
Highlights
A novel chitosan grafted citronellal (Ch-Cit) schiff base amphiphilic polymer was developed for the adsorptive removal of oil spills
Diesel oil and Kerosene oil were supplied from local gas station, (Egypt).Crude oil samples: Two crude oils, namely; light crude (LC) and heavy crude (HC) oils were supplied from Belayem Petroleum Co. (Egypt)
The major differences are: (a) a strong absorption peaks at around 1606 cm−1 corresponding to the C=N stretching which formed between the aldehyde groups of citronellal and chitosan’ amine groups. (b) absorption band at around 2920 cm−1 for Ch-Cit schiff base of –CH stretching and (c) absorption band at around 1415 cm−1 for the merger between –NHCO band at 1395 cm−1 of chitosan and –CH2 band at 1450 c m−1 and –CH3 band at 1381 c m−1 of the grafted citronellal[32]
Summary
A novel chitosan grafted citronellal (Ch-Cit) schiff base amphiphilic polymer was developed for the adsorptive removal of oil spills. The adsorption process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).The results substantiate that the amphiphilic Ch-Cit schiff base could be efficiently applied as a low-cost oil-adsorbent for the removal of crude oil spills from sea-water surfaces. This study focused on the development of novel amphiphilic chitosan-g-citronellal (Ch-Cit) schiff base as a low-cost oil adsorptive material. The developed amphiphilic Ch-Cit schiff base has the possibility to adsorb oils through its hydrophobic citronellal grafted moiety as well as through its pores structure. Diesel oil and Kerosene oil were supplied from local gas station, (Egypt).Crude oil samples: Two crude oils, namely; light crude (LC) and heavy crude (HC) oils were supplied from Belayem Petroleum Co. (Egypt)
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