Abstract
Exceeding nitrogen discharge into natural water bodies can lead to eutrophication in natural aquatic environments, as well as the decline in shellfish habitat and aquatic plant life. Currently, bac...
Highlights
City, industry, and agriculture operations create a large volume of wastewater every year
This paper presents an overview on nitrogen removal from wastewater using different types of systems including microalgae solo and microalgae–bacteria consortia systems
The water body is eutrophic when the nitrogen concentration is higher than 1.9 mg/L (Brown & Simpson, 2001), which can result in algal blooms
Summary
Industry, and agriculture operations create a large volume of wastewater every year. An HRAP is a shallow, paddlewheelmixed open raceway pond In this system, microalgae grow rapidly and produce extensive oxygen, driving aerobic treatment and the assimilation of wastewater nutrients in algal biomass. The advantages of microalgae-based wastewater treatment as stated by the US Department of Energy (DOE) National Algal Biofuels Technology, included the “potential to treat agricultural drainage and eutrophic water bodies, wastewater treatment revenue that offsets microalgae production costs, lower capital and operation and maintenance costs than conventional wastewater treatment, [and] lower energy intensity than conventional wastewater treatment (a green-house gas benefit)” (US DOE, 2010). In related studies, streams from agriculture wastewater were commonly diluted before algal-based treatments to decrease the turbidity and nutrient concentration (González et al, 2008; Woertz, Feffer, Lundquist, & Nelson, 2009; Zhu et al, 2013). Studies of microalgae-based treatments on nitrogen removal include the microalgae solo system and the consortia system
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