Abstract
In this study, three improved versions of UiO-66 metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesised successfully: Different ratios of Ca+2/Zr+4 were used to synthesise UiO-66, UiO-66-10%Ca and UiO-66-30%Ca. Batch adsorption experiments were achieved to remove MB from wastewater by UiO-66-Ca. UiO-66-10%Ca exhibited the highest adsorption capacity with maximum MB adsorption capacity of 15 mg. g–1 in UiO-66-30%Ca while UiO-66 demonstrated lower MB loading. Langmuir and Freundlich models have been employed to describe isotherms. A kinetics study indicated pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order equations. In addition, an intraparticle diffusion model was utilised. The results presented here may facilitate the further enhancement of UiO-66 MOFs and advance the synthesis of multimetal MOFs in future research.
Highlights
Dyes exist where there is civilisation. ey are used to colour products, and employed in various industries, such as the food, paper, carpet, rubber, plastic, cosmetic, acrylic, wool, nylon, silk and textile industry [1,2,3].Cationic methylene blue MB is a basic thiazine dye as shown in Figure 1 [4]
Hysteresis in the desorption isotherm was distinguishably demonstrated by UiO-66-10%Ca which had a sharp increase in adsorption at relative pressures close to 0.999. is observation is strong evidence that the mesopore and macropore sizes were enhanced [67]
The pore volume and average pore size were enhanced in the metal organic framework (MOF) with the lowest content of the second metal. e highest pore volume and pore size were seen in UiO-66-10%Ca, which were 1.10 cc.g–1 and 2.39 nm, respectively. e results indicate that the addition of low the weak bands at 881, 812 and 785 cm–1 were assigned to Zr-O whereas the peak at 730 cm–1 in the UiO-66 spectrum was assigned to the stretching vibration of C-H and out-of-plane bending of aromatic ring in the main skeleton of UiO-66; this peak was shi ed to 744 cm–1 in the Applied Materials and Technology spectra of bimetal UiO-66 [73, 75]
Summary
Dyes exist where there is civilisation. ey are used to colour products, and employed in various industries, such as the food, paper, carpet, rubber, plastic, cosmetic, acrylic, wool, nylon, silk and textile industry [1,2,3]. E unique characteristics of MOF-type substances that make them the focus of much worldwide research are their pore geometry and high porosity [26, 27], their central metals [28, 29], open metal sites [30, 31], functionalised linkers [32, 33] and their loading of active species [34, 35] All these characteristics have been scienti cally employed to successfully improve interactions between the sorbates and MOFs. All these characteristics have been scienti cally employed to successfully improve interactions between the sorbates and MOFs Speci cally, these characteristics distinguish MOFs from other porous material in the eld of adsorption processes for the effective removal of hazardous compounds [36]. Equilibrium and kinetic adsorption models were used to represent the experimental data. e equilibrium study was undertaken using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. e kinetics study was conducted using pseudo rst-order and pseudo second-order models as well as intraparticle diffusion
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