Abstract
Local agriculture waste (Shell’s seeds of Ziziphus spina christi) (SZC), in both its unmodified SZC and acid-modified (SZC-AC) forms, was investigated for its potential use as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG). Characterization of the adsorbents was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), pH surface, Boehm titration, including, other physical and chemical properties of adsorbent. The effects of initial dye concentration, contact time, solution of pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage were investigated in detail by batch adsorption experiments. For the adsorption of MG were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, equilibrium isotherms were applicable with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity wear 48.780 mg/g and 370.370 mg/g for the raw shells seeds of Ziziphus spina christi (SZC) and the activated carbon prepared from shells seeds by sulphuric acid SZC-AC, respectively. Kinetics studies showed that both followed the pseudo-second order. Thermodynamics studies indicated that the adsorption of MG was spontaneous on SZC and SZC-AC, and the reactions were endothermic and exothermic, respectively. The proposed adsorbents were successfully applied to the removal of malachite green dye from different water samples with a recovery % >95% and a relative standard deviation (RSD%) <3%.
Highlights
Water pollution today is one of the most undesirable environmental problems in the world and it requires solutions [1]
Specific surface area was estimated by the BET method (Brunauer–Emmet–Teller) the micropore size distribution, pore diameter and total pore volume obtained from the BJH methods (Barrett- JoynerHalenda)
It is seen that SZC and SZC and acidmodified (SZC-AC) could be a good adsorbent for removal the cationic dye from water
Summary
Water pollution today is one of the most undesirable environmental problems in the world and it requires solutions [1]. The discharges of industrial wastewater containing very low concentrations of dyes reduce light penetration through the water surface, precluding photosynthesis of the aqueous flora At this time, there are nearly 10,000 types of dyes are synthetic, with worldwide annual production of over 7 x 105 tons per year [5]. Local agriculture waste shell’s seeds of Ziziphus spina christi is used in this investigation to preparing adsorbents, it grows abundantly in arid land regions in Hadhramout – Yemen, Figure 1 The aim of this investigation is to test the adsorption efficiency of MG from aqueous solution and some water samples onto raw shells seeds of Ziziphus spina christi (SZC) and activated carbon prepared from shells seeds of Ziziphus spina christi by sulphuric acid (SZC-AC). The adsorption kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm studies were determined to foresee the sorption behavior
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