Abstract
The article discusses the effectiveness of alkalinisation with calcium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in the treatment of groundwater from Quaternary formations with an increased content of total iron (up to 6.82 mgFe/dm3) and organic substances (TOC up to 5.60 mgC/dm3). The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the groundwater treatment, in particular, the removal of iron and organic substances in the sorption process and co-precipitation with calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The correction of the reaction was carried out with aqueous solutions of calcium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide in the pH range from 8.5 to 10.5. As the pH of the water increased, the efficiency of its treatment increased. The treatment results depended on the type of alkalizing reagent, especially in the case of removal of organic substances, reduction of colour and organic substances fixed in iron-organic complexes. Higher suitability of calcium hydroxide than sodium hydroxide in alkalinisation has been demonstrated. Calcium ions introduced into the treated water together with calcium hydroxide probably neutralized organic anions fixed in iron-organic complexes and determining colour and TOC, increasing their susceptibility to adsorption.
Highlights
Treating groundwater usually involves the need to remove excessive amounts of various forms of iron, manganese, organic substances and aggressive carbon dioxide
The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the groundwater treatment, in particular, the removal of iron and organic substances in the sorption process and co-precipitation with calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide
The analysis of the obtained test results showed that the effectiveness of removing organic pollutants as a result of alkalinisation with calcium hydroxide increased with the amount of removed total iron (Figure 4), which suggests the joint removal of these pollutants
Summary
Treating groundwater usually involves the need to remove excessive amounts of various forms of iron, manganese, organic substances and aggressive carbon dioxide. The presence of organic substances in water taken for communal purposes, including mainly humic substances, is a major problem in many groundwater treatment stations. These high-molecular organic compounds, characteristic of boggy waters and deeply deposited waters from the Miocene lignite formation, can occur in all aquifers as a result of a hydrogeological bond between them and their improper exploitation. As Gonczarow et al (Gonczarow, Kołosow, & Kapli, 2003) as well as Pandey et al (2000) point out formation of chelate complexes with the humic acids in natural waters occurs as a result of an exchange reaction between hydrogen ions of carboxyl and phenol groups of the humic acids and iron cations existing under such conditions mainly in a form of hydroxo-complexes [Fe(OH)]2+, [Fe(OH)2]+, such chelate iron
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