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Abstract
Problem statement: The concentration of H 2S in groundwater is a significant problem in various areas across Canada. Hydrogen sulphide diss olves in ground water imparting undesirable taste and irritating rotten egg smell which makes it unpa latable. Ingestion of sulphides through drinking water can result in stomach discomfort, nausea and vomiting. Humans exposed to high concentrations of H 2S for prolonged periods show symptoms of gastro-intestinal upset, anorexia, nausea, somnolence, amnesia, loss of consciousness, delirium, hallucina tions, difficulty in swallowing, low blood pressure , slowing of heart rate, double vision and epileptifo rm convulsions. Hydrogen sulphide in blood is rapidly oxidized by molecular oxygen and thus reduces the oxidation power of haemoglobin. Unoxidized hydrogen sulphide can act upon the central nervous system and cause either paralysis or respiratory failure. It is therefore, necessary to have a very low concentration of H 2S in the water. Approach: An automatic system for the addition of KMnO 4 and removal of hydrogen sulphide from ground water was developed and tested. The system consisted of a freshwater tank, a pump, a chemical storage tank, a solenoid valve, a photocell and ele ctronic circuit, a drainage tank, a filter and a se t of valves. It was possible to use a photocell to detec t the presence of excess KMnO 4 in the system and to control the addition of KMnO 4 into the system. Results: The system accomplished complete removal of hydrogen sulphide in the range of 1-30 ppm. The pre sent system utilizes on/off control for the additio n of the chemical. The amount of KMnO 4 needed as a percentage of the amount used was in t he range of 5-28%. Conclusion: The photocell and circuit could be used to add an amount of chemical that is constantly proportional to the amount of hydrogen s ulphide in the water. The control of a positive displacement chemical feed pump would be an ideal application for this system. The speed of the pump could be controlled in such a manner that would allow a very small excess amount of potassium permanganate to be maintained in the system.
Highlights
The concentration of H2S in groundwater is a significant problem in various areas across Canada in areas having geological strata of sedimentary origin as seen in Fig. 1 (Health Canada, 1992; NRC, 2008)
Hydrogen sulphide in blood is rapidly oxidized by molecular oxygen and reduces the oxidation power of haemoglobin
As a result all hydrogen sulphide that is in the water will be precipitated as elemental sulphur and manganese oxide
Summary
The concentration of H2S in groundwater is a significant problem in various areas across Canada in areas having geological strata of sedimentary origin as seen in Fig. 1 (Health Canada, 1992; NRC, 2008). There are some problems in areas near farm communities and swampy areas in Ontario and the level of contamination may depend on the water table level (Sparling and Hennick, 1974; Macdonald, 2003). In Nova Scotia, the problem is known to exist in Beaver bank, Upper Sackville and Hammonds Plains (Mellet, 2010). These areas are underlain by sulphide bearing minerals from the Meguma Supergroup and the Cunard Formation geological groups (Goodwin et al, 2008).
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