Abstract
Sulfur, and in particular, H 2 S removal is of significant importance in gas cleaning processes in different applications, including biogas production and biomass gasification. H 2 S removal with metal oxides is one of the most viable alternatives to achieve deep desulfurization. This process is usually conducted in a packed bed configuration in order to provide a high solid surface area in contact with the gas stream per unit of volume. The operating temperature of the process could be as low as room temperature, which is the case in biogas production plants or as high as 900 ∘ C suitable for gasification processes. Depending on the operating temperature and the cleaning requirement, different metal oxides can be used including oxides of Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn. In this review, the criteria for the design and scale-up of a packed bed units are reviewed and simple relations allowing for quick assessment of process designs and experimental data are presented. Furthermore, modeling methods for the numerical simulation of a packed bed adsorber are discussed.
Highlights
H2 S is a colorless gas that is denser than air [1]
This review presents an overview of the current state of development of metal oxide sorption processes for the removal of H2 S in packed bed reactors
The gas stream containing H2 S is introduced into the reactor where it gets in contact with the pellets that contain the metal oxide
Summary
H2 S is a colorless gas that is denser than air [1]. It is flammable [2], toxic [3] and highly corrosive [4], with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs [5]. H2 S needs to be removed from fuels since it converts to SO2 during combustion and causes acid rains when released into the environment [6] Because of these properties, H2 S removal is a crucial step in gas cleaning and finds application in different industries including coal and biomass gasification [7,8], biogas production [9] wastewater treatment, food processing and production and other fuel production processes [10]. To discussing the key results from the literature we discuss design criteria for packed bed reactors, present guidelines for the selection of a suitable metal oxide and review modelling strategies for describing and analyzing H2 S removal in a packed bed The latter is complemented by a set of mathematical approximations that allow for a quick assessment of process designs and experimental data and their feasibility. The presents paper adds an additional dimension to these works by reviewing the metal oxide sorption process from the viewpoint of process design and process modeling
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