Abstract
Wastewaters of several industries such as textile, leather or dye etc., contain dangerous and toxic compounds, even some of which are potential carcinogenics. Considering the volume and composition, wastewaters of the textile industry have much more polluting characteristics compared to other industries. Although treatment processes must definitely be implemented in point of environment and living organisms, many factories discharge their wastewaters to acceptor media without any treatment because of high costs. This study investigated zeolite and clay with high availability and low cost in wastewater treatment as more economically feasible alternatives to activated carbon. The wastewater treatment adequacy of zeolite-clay mixture was also investigated. We determined the optimum treatment time for heavy metal removal from the dye-containing wastewater samples as 6 hours. The mixture of clay+zeolite+activated carbon provided the highest removal of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn compared to zeolite, clay, activated carbon, activated carbon+clay, activated carbon+zeolite and clay+zeolite.
Highlights
Both the growing world population and the changing sense of lifestyle and fashion boost the demand for textile products (Uzal et al, 2005; Mercimek, 2007)
Mixtures can behave differently compared to their components, and our findings indicate a positive synergistic effect between clay, activated carbon, and zeolite in terms of the removal of heavy metals
Our findings are promising for using clay, zeolite, and activated carbon in combination to obtain better heavy metal removal yield and to minimize wastewater treatment costs
Summary
Both the growing world population and the changing sense of lifestyle and fashion boost the demand for textile products (Uzal et al, 2005; Mercimek, 2007). The textile industry is considered as the most polluting industry due to the enormous diversity of chemicals used in the production processes. The wastes resulting from the dyeing of products such as yarn and fabric has the biggest share in the pollution related to textile wastewaters (Mercimek, 2007). Even very small amounts of dye residues in the wastewaters of the textile industry can cause significant pollution (Sener, 2008). The oxygen levels decrease in affected aquatic ecosystems due to decreasing photosynthetic activity as a result of blocking the penetration of sunlight by colorants (Banat et al, 1996; Mercimek, 2007).
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