Abstract
The recent researches are moving to removal of the agricultural and industrial pollutants from sewage treatment and discuss the possibility of the re-use of this water for agricultural purposes. The chemical contaminants represent the most dangerous types of contaminants found in the water for a many reasons, they are non- biodegradable environmentally and their high toxicity at very low concentrations in addition to the cumulative impact in the bodies of living organisms. The most toxic heavy metals are lead, mercury and chromium. It was estimated that the estimated that global impact of lead is 18-22 million people and of mercury 15 to 19 million people at 2010 according to Blacksmith Institute’s World worst pollution problems. Contamination of the water resources with these elements, leads to polluting of the entire food chain and represents a real threat to the ecosystem. Thus, pure water shortage becomes a crucial problem worldwide. Among the most important research that can contribute to solving the problem of those related to water purification and improving the quality and re-use even in agriculture, for example, instead of wasted and discarded. There are many scientific methods applied in this regard. They include adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrochemical treatments, membrane filtration, evaporation, flotation, and oxidation and biosorption processes. Some of these techniques however, have disadvantages such as incomplete metal removal, high reagent and energy requirements and generation of toxic sludge or other waste products. Among all these techniques, the adsorption is economically favorable and technically easy to separate. Instead of using commercial materials researchers have worked on inexpensive materials such as natural and agricultural products. Several works concerned the removal of heavy metals but the present work focuses on the sorbents based on biomass and their efficiency in removal of heavy metals from waste water.
Highlights
Problem statementAs a result of different human activities, the world is facing serious threats of air, land, and water pollutions
They can cause poisoning, initiate cancer, and result in brain damage when found above the tolerance levels [5,6,7,8]
There are several locally existing materials that can be used for the removal of heavy metals
Summary
As a result of different human activities, the world is facing serious threats of air, land, and water pollutions. There are different types of water contaminants The accumulation of heavy metals certainly has adverse effect on aquatic flora and fauna and may constitute a public health problem where contaminated organisms are used for food. They can cause poisoning, initiate cancer, and result in brain damage when found above the tolerance levels [5,6,7,8]. The agencies for the environmental monitoring have set permissible limits for heavy metals levels in drinking water because of their harmful effects.
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