Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Therefore, appropriate steps need to be taken to reduce heavy metals and metalloids in water to acceptable levels. Several treatment methods have been developed recently to adsorb these pollutants. This paper reviews the ability of residuals generated as a by-product from the water treatment plants to adsorb heavy metals and metalloids from water. Water treatment residuals have great sorption capacities due to their large specific surface area and chemical composition. Sorption capacity is also affected by sorption conditions. A survey of the literature shows that water treatment residuals may be a suitable material for developing an efficient adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals and metalloids from water.
Highlights
Heavy metals are a group of trace elements that include metals and metalloids, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, tin, and zinc
The authors compared the sorption values of individual heavy metals and metalloids on surface water treatments (SWTRs) and groundwater treatments (GWTRs). They described the part of their research on the sorption capacity of heavy metals and metalloids on GWTRs
NaCl solution, 2.5 g SWTRs was mixed with an appropriate amount of Na2 SeO4 or Na2 SeO3 to provide an Se(IV) and Se(VI) concentration of 60 mg/L
Summary
Heavy metals are a group of trace elements that include metals and metalloids, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, tin, and zinc. They have a relatively high density of over 4 × 106 mg/L. There are two main sources of heavy metals in water—natural and anthropogenic. Natural sources comprise volcanic activities, soil erosion, activities of living organisms, and weathering of rocks and minerals, whereas anthropogenic sources include landfills, fuel combustion, street run-offs, sewage, agricultural activities, mining, and industrial pollutants, such as textile dyes [2]. Heavy metals are classified as toxic and carcinogenic, they are capable of accumulating in tissues and cause diseases and disorders (Table 1)
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