Removal of Fluoride and Arsenate from Aqueous Solutions by Aluminum-Modified Guava Seeds

Sarai Ramos-Vargas,Raúl Cortés-Martínez,Rafael Huirache-Acuña,Ruth Alfaro-Cuevas-Villanueva

doi:10.3390/app8101807

Sarai Ramos-Vargas, Raúl Cortés-Martínez + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101807

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Abstract

The contamination of groundwater by arsenic and fluoride is a major problem worldwide, causing diseases in the population that uses these waters for their consumption. Therefore, the removal of these types of pollutants from groundwater is a very important issue. In this work, the removal of arsenate and fluoride from aqueous solutions by using aluminum-modified guava seeds (Al-GSs) was evaluated. Batch-type adsorption experiments were carried out with aqueous solutions of As(V) and F− and Al-GSs. The kinetic and equilibrium parameters of adsorption were determined, as well as the effects of adsorbent dose and pH. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy in order to determine its morphology and the functional groups present in the material. The results showed that hydroxyl and carboxyl are the main groups involved in the adsorption of As(V) and F−. The fluoride adsorption kinetics indicate that the equilibrium time was reached at 150 min and it can be described by the Lagergren model, while for As(V) the equilibrium time was lower (120 min) and the kinetic data were fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model. The Langmuir-Freundlich model can describe the adsorption equilibrium data in all cases. The fluoride adsorption capacity by Al-GS was 0.3445 mg/g, and for As(V) it was 4 mg/g. It can be established that the removal of arsenates and fluoride in Al-GSs is due to chemisorption on a heterogeneous surface.

Highlights

Groundwater contamination owing to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F− ) is an important problem on which special attention must be paid
An elemental microanalysis (SEM-EDS) and image mapping were performed on the external surface area of a sample of aluminum-modified guava seeds (Al-guava seeds (GSs)) (Figure 2), where the flat smooth surface and the rough part can be observed
Arsenic and fluoride were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-EDS, and the results showed an approximate punctual concentration of arsenic of 0.54 g of As/100 g of3a), AL-GS

Summary

Introduction

Groundwater contamination owing to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F− ) is an important problem on which special attention must be paid. The challenges to be discussed and solved on this subject are varied, and it is quite important to investigate novel and effective methods for their remediation [1]. F− is present in groundwater in several aquifers around the world in levels ranging from 1 to 30 mg/L. It has been reported that if F− is present in drinking water at concentrations between 0.5 and 1 mg/L, it could have beneficial effects to health, providing substantial protection against dental caries [2]. If higher levels of F− are present (from 1.5 to 2 mg/L), Appl.

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