Abstract
This study investigated the characteristics of using a cost-effective, amine-modified biochar (BC) derived from chicken manure for removing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) from an aqueous solution. The amine-modified BC showed much higher adsorption of DMS compared to commercial activated carbons under varying conditions of contact time, initial concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The DMS removal efficiency increased as the adsorbent dosage was increased from 0.01 to 0.25 g and reached 92.4% even at the relatively low adsorbent dose of 0.015 g. The DMS adsorption capacity of the amine-modified BC (mg/g) increased with increasing DMS concentration, while the incremental rate of the removal efficiency decreased. The adsorption process was well explained by a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption of DMS is more appropriately described by the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.989) than by the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.942). The DMS removal efficiency was only reduced by 23.4% even after 10 recovery cycles. The surface area of the amine-modified BC was much higher (9.4 ± 1.2 times) than that of the unmodified BC. The amine-modified BC with a high surface area of 334.6 m2/g can be utilized as a cheap and effective alternative adsorbent to commercial activated carbon for DMS removal.
Highlights
Volatile organic sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl polysulfides, and carbon disulfide, are toxic and corrosive [1]
The chicken manure was pretreated at 110 °C for 48 h to remove moisture and pyrolyzed to produce BC using a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) maintained at 450 °C
The FBR system consisted of parts for the storage and loading of samples, a fluidized bed reactor, a pre-heated gas (N2) input, a cyclone, and condensation and cooling mechanisms in order to minimize the emission of pollutants generated from the pyrolysis system
Summary
Volatile organic sulfur compounds, such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl polysulfides, and carbon disulfide, are toxic and corrosive [1]. DMS is released from the cooking of seafood and petroleum refining, and is generated in the off-gas from paper mills, wastewater treatment, sewage sludge disposal, Kraft process, organic synthesis, dyeing of acetate textiles, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and fungicide [1]. It is becoming a metabolic product of many bio-systems. DMS is produced abundantly by marine algae and becomes the principal volatile sulfur compound in seawater [6]
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