Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) technology has been applied for removal of chromium (Cr) from water environment. Comparison of the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) was investigated by changing several operational conditions. The pH of feed solution plays an important role in rejection of Cr. The Cr(VI) rejection was increased with increasing pH, while Cr(III) rejection was stable. It also demonstrated that the rejection of Cr was higher when the membrane active layer faces the feed solution compared to the rejection when the membrane active layer faces the draw solution.
Highlights
Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times greater than that of water
Average water flux for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were 5.3 Lm-2h-1 and 6 Lm-2h-1, respectively, which were constant over the entire range of feed solution concentration investigated
A forward osmosis (FO) process for the removal of chromium from water environment was demonstrated in order to establish a more effective water treatment process
Summary
Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have high atomic weight and a density at least 5 times greater than that of water. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical, and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment; raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment (Tchounwou et al, 2012). Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were proved their effectiveness in removing heavy metals from polluted water. Both processes are operated at high pressures and have relatively low water–recovery rates. The various factors and related mechanisms that control the removal of Cr by FO membranes need to be elucidated for a better understanding of the separation mechanisms
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