Abstract
Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater, after the alkaline precipitation and coagulation processes, often requires additional treatment in order to reduce the concentrations of boron and heavy metals below the required limits. In this study, we present an innovative and environmentally friendly method for boron and manganese removal that is based on a hybrid chitosan-zirconium hydrogel sorbent. The results from the batch adsorption experiment indicated that the uptake capacity for boron and manganese was equal to 1.61 mg/g and 0.75 mg/g, respectively, while the column study indicated that the total capacity of boron and manganese was equal to 1.89 mg/g and 0.102 mg/g, respectively. The very good applicability of the Langmuir isotherm at 25 °C suggested the monolayer coverage of the boron species onto the hybrid chitosan-zirconium hydrogel with a maximum adsorptive capacity of 2 mg/g. The amounts of boron and manganese in purified water could be decreased to less than 1 mg/dm3 and 0.05 mg/dm3, respectively, starting from the initial concentration of boron equal to 24.7 mg/dm3 and manganese equal to 3.0 mg/dm3 in FGD wastewater. Selective desorption of boron from the loaded bed was favorable when a NaOH solution was used, while manganese was preferentially eluted with a HCl solution. It is important to note that such an innovative method was investigated for the first time by testing borax recovery from wastewater in terms of an eco-technological perspective.
Highlights
The main source of energy in Poland is coal combusted in power plants
Ionexchange exchangetechnique technique used to remove boron from water and wastewater, in systems integrated with other separation techniques, such as precipitation, reverse osmosis, often in systems integrated with other separation techniques, such as precipitation, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis electrodialysis [57,58]
InInthethe wastewater after desulfurization, in the stage, and wastewater after flueflue gasgas desulfurization, in the first first stage, the wastewater was introduced into the alkaline precipitation unit, in which boron was removed only to a small extent
Summary
The main source of energy in Poland is coal combusted in power plants. This leads to the generation of inconvenient by-products, namely flue gases [1]. One of the most commonly used flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies for scrubbing pollutants from power plant gas emissions is a wet scrubber system. In this process, many pollutants, including coal and limestone, end up in the circulating water that is partly discharged from the scrubber system. FGD wastewater often requires additional treatment for the further elimination of boron and heavy metals [3]
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