Abstract
In the present research, the removal of Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye using alkaline-modified clay nanoparticles was studied. To characterize the adsorbent, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, BET and BJH analyses were performed. The effect of the variables influencing the dye adsorption process such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, stirring rate, temperature, and initial dye concentration was investigated. Furthermore, the high efficiency of Ni2+ removal indicated that it is possible to remove both dye and metal cation under the same optimum conditions. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Fitting the experimental data to Langmuir isotherm indicated that the monolayer adsorption of dye occurred at homogeneous sites. Experimental data were also analyzed with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion kinetic equations for kinetic modeling of the dye removal process. The adsorption results indicated that the process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters of the dye adsorption process such as enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy changes were calculated and revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The results presented the high potential of the modified nanoclay as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of BO2 dye and Ni2+ from aqueous medium.
Highlights
Releasing industrial wastewaters containing heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel, cobalt, and chromium, as well as dyes from the textile, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, paper, paint, printing, and ink industries to surface waters and the surrounding environment has become a severe problem for the ecosystem and human health (Senthilkumaar et al ; Banerjee et al ; Gunatilake )
The results presented the high potential of modified nanoclay, which can be applied as a feasible approach to removing Basic Orange 2 (BO2) dye and Ni2þ from textile wastewater
The available and cost-effective mineral material based on alkaline-modified nanoclay was directly used as an adsorbent to remove BO2 dye and Ni2þ from aqueous solutions
Summary
Releasing industrial wastewaters containing heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel, cobalt, and chromium, as well as dyes from the textile, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, paper, paint, printing, and ink industries to surface waters and the surrounding environment has become a severe problem for the ecosystem and human health (Senthilkumaar et al ; Banerjee et al ; Gunatilake ). These dyes are commonly applied in the paper, pharmaceutical industries, and dyeing of polyester and nylon fibers in textile industries (Pimol et al ; Salleh et al ) Because of these features, dye-containing contaminations cause many environmentally severe problems according to their low biodegradability characteristics, and toxicity to aquatic life, and the conventional biological treatment procedures are not efficient enough to treat wastewaters. Uncontrolled discharge of colored water and solutions containing dyes and toxic heavy metals from industries produce large quantities polluted waters and with due attention to the potentially harmful effects of such compounds on the environment and humans, they must be removed from wastewaters before discharging into the surrounding environment (Mahdavinia et al )
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