Abstract
Antimony (Sb) traces in water pose a serious threat to human health due to their negative effects. In this work, nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe0) supported on activated carbon (nZVI) was employed for eliminating Sb(V) from the drinking water. To better understand the overall process, the effects of several experimental variables, including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), coexisting ions, and adsorption kinetics on the removal of Sb(V) from the SW were investigated by employing fixed-bed column runs or batch-adsorption methods. A pH of 4.5 and 72 h of equilibrium time were found to be the ideal conditions for drinking water. The presence of phosphate (), silicate (), chromate () and arsenate () significantly decreased the rate of Sb(V) removal, while humic acid and other anions exhibited a negligible effect. The capacity for Sb(V) uptake decreased from 6.665 to 2.433 mg when the flow rate was increased from 5 to 10 mL·min−1. The dynamic adsorption penetration curves of Sb(V) were 116.4% and 144.1% with the weak magnetic field (WMF) in fixed-bed column runs. Considering the removal rate of Sb(V), reusability, operability, no release of Sb(V) after being incorporated into the iron (hydr)oxides structure, it can be concluded that WMF coupled with ZVI would be an effective Sb(V) immobilization technology for drinking water.
Highlights
Antimony (Sb) is the tenth most mined metal in the world, with yearly production totaling more than 1.0 × 105 tons [1]
The methods of synthesizing and characterizing nZVI/AC can be seen from reference [37]
A nearly identical sequence was observed in the adsorption of metallic cations (e.g., AsO34−, Mo(VI)) on NZVI/AC
Summary
Antimony (Sb) is the tenth most mined metal in the world, with yearly production totaling more than 1.0 × 105 tons [1]. Flame retardants, pigments, batteries, glass, and ceramics are just a few of the industries that employ Sb. Plastic catalysts, flame retardants, pigments, batteries, glass, and ceramics are just a few of the industries that employ Sb It has, been proven to expose significant threats to human health and ecosystems [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Over the range of environmentally significant pH, Sb(V) mainly occurs in the form of Sb(OH)6− under aerobic conditions [2]. Sb(OH)6− , an octahedral framework has a sizeable ionic radius and low density of charge, with several differences from P(V)
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