Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are biologically active toxic metabolites, which are produced by certain toxigenic Aspergillus sp. on agricultural crops. In this study, five edible mushroom-forming fungi were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) for their ability to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens known. Bjerkandera adusta and Auricularia auricular-judae showed the most significant AFB1 removal activities (96.3% and 100%, respectively) among five strains after 14-day incubation. The cell lysate from B. adusta exhibited higher AFB1 removal activity (35%) than the cell-free supernatant (13%) after 1-day incubation and the highest removal activity (80%) after 5-day incubation at 40 °C. In addition, AFB1 analyses using whole cells, cell lysates, and cell debris from B. adusta showed that cell debris had the highest AFB1 removal activity at 5th day (95%). Moreover, exopolysaccharides from B. adusta showed an increasing trend (24–48%) similar to whole cells and cell lysates after 5- day incubation. Our results strongly suggest that AFB1 removal activity by whole cells was mainly due to AFB1 binding onto cell debris during early incubation and partly due to binding onto cell lysates along with exopolysaccharides after saturation of AFB1 binding process onto cell wall components.
Highlights
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of highly toxic secondary metabolites, which are produced by certain toxigenic Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nominus) commonly found in crops such as cotton seed, tree nuts, corn, and peanuts [1]
Our data suggest that after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) binds onto cell debris of B. adusta during early incubation, it binds onto cell lysates along with exopolysaccharides when the AFB1 binding process onto cell wall components is saturated
Five edible mushroom-forming fungi (B. adusta, Auricularia auricular-judae, Lentinula edodes, Hericium erinaceus, and Poria cocos) in Basidiomycota, which had been obtained from mushroom farms in Gyunggi province in South Korea, were tested for possibilities of AFB1 biodegradation
Summary
Aflatoxins (AFs) are a group of highly toxic secondary metabolites, which are produced by certain toxigenic Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nominus) commonly found in crops such as cotton seed, tree nuts, corn, and peanuts [1]. There are four major types of AFs: AFB1 , AFB2 , AFG1 , and AFG2. Of these AFs, AFB1 is the most potent carcinogen [2]. After AFB1 is bioactivated to AFB1 -8,9-epoxide by cytochrome P450. (CYP450) in liver, it forms adducts at N7 guanine residues on DNA. This can cause hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, immunotoxicity, and carcinogenicity in human and animals [3].
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