Removal of a mixture tetracycline-tylosin from water based on anodic oxidation on a glassy carbon electrode coupled to activated sludge

Abstract

The purpose of this study was first to examine the electrochemical oxidation of two antibiotics, tetracycline (TC) and tylosin (Tylo), considered separately or in mixture, on a glassy carbon electrode in aqueous solutions; and then to assess the relevance of such electrochemical process as a pre-treatment prior to a biological treatment (activated sludge) for the removal of these antibiotics. The influence of the working potential and the initial concentration of TC and Tylo on the electrochemical pre-treatment process was also investigated. It was noticed that antibiotics degradation was favoured at high potential (2.4 V/ saturated calomel electrode (SCE)), achieving total degradation after 50 min for TC and 40 min for Tylo for 50 mg L−1 initial concentration, with a higher mineralization efficiency in the case of TC. The biological oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5)/Chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio increased substantially, from 0.033 to 0.39 and from 0.038 to 0.50 for TC and Tylo, respectively. Regarding the mixture (TC and Tylo), the mineralization yield increased from 10.6% to 30.0% within 60 min of reaction time when the potential increased from 1.5 to 2.4 V/SCE and the BOD5/COD ratio increased substantially from 0.010 initially to 0.29 after 6 h of electrochemical pre-treatment. A biological treatment was, therefore, performed aerobically during 30 days, leading to an overall decrease of 72% of the dissolved organic carbon by means of the combined process.